Cutting oils



Patented Oct. 16, 1.45

CUTTING OILS Everett 0. Hughes, signor to The 8 land, Ohio,

Cleveland Heights, Ohio, astandard Oil Company, Clevea corporation ofOhio No Drawing. Application mm 22,1941,

. Serial No. new

12. Claims.

This invention relates to cutting oils, and it is among the objects ofthe invention to provide products of excellent efiiciency, and which maybe free from the usual corrosive property if desired. Other objects andadvantages will appear as the description proceeds.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the invention,then, comprises the features hereinafter fully described, andparticularly pointed out in the claims. the following descriptionsetting forth in detail certain illustrative embodiments of theinvention, these being indicative however, of but a few of the variousways in which the principle of the invention may be employed.

The invention will be readily understood by reference to an illustrativeexample: A paramn base oil of Saybolt viscosity 100 sec. at 100 F. isheated with 3 per cent of phosphorus p'entasulphide for one hour at 330F. The phosphorus pentasulphide is substantially combined, but in orderto clear up residual traces thereof, 1 per cent of corn oil is thenadded and the temperature is maintained for a half hour. Then theproduct is treated with 2 per cent of clay. The resultin oil is clearand non-corrosive when used in ordinary temperatures.

Instead of corn 011. other reactive fatty oil or wax, i. e. a fatty acidester, may be used to clear up residual phosphorus pentasulphide, andunsaturated fatty oils or waxes are preferred. Examples are cottonseedoil, soya bean oil, degras, lard oil, tallow oil, sperm oil, etc. 7

The amounts of such fats or waxes added may be up to per cent. In suchprocedure, it will be noticed that the mineral oil is given anopportunity to react as completely as possible with the phosphoruspentasulphide, and then it is the residual traces thereof which arecleaned up by the addition of the ester. If the ester treatment beadmitted, the cutting oil product is slightly corrosive. For somepurposes this is however immaterial, and the further refinements of theinvention are concerned more particularly with the preparation of extraquality products.

It is usually desirable to carry on the cooking operation under anatmosphere of an inert gas, such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen.

The mineral oil base may be of usual petroleum stocks as employed forlubricating oils, and the viscosity may depend somewhat upon theparticular kind of machine tool work with which the cutting oil is to beapplied. Generally, viscosities of 90 to 200 sec. at 100 F. aredesirable. Amounts of phosphorus pen phide may be it about an hour,

to 5 per cent, preferably 2 to 3 per cent, by weight. And, it isdesirable to introduce the phosphorus pentaaulphide in divided portionsor increments up to the total amount it is decided to use. Heating timesare in general 1 up to 8 hours. After the cooking process, on coolingthe product any solids present may be separated by filtration or bysettling. Desirably, the oil is finally subjected to treatment withclay, or with sulphuric acid, or with both.

Other modes of applying the principle of the invention may be employed,change being made as regards the details described. provided thefeatures stated in any of the following claims, or the equivalent ofsuch, beemployed.

I therefore particularly point out and distinotly claim as my invention:

1. A process of making a cutting oil, which comprises reactingphosphorus pentasulphide with a mineral oil in atmosphere of inert m. ata temperature of 200-450 F. for at least about an hour, thenincorporating a amount of corn oil to clear up residual phosphoruspentasuiphide and subjecting to reaction temperature.

2. A process of making a cutting oil, which comprises reactingphosphorus pentasulphide with a mineral oil in atmosphere of inert gas,at a temperature of 200-450 F. for at least then incorporating a smallamount of soya bean oil to clear up residual phosphorus' pentasulphideand subjecting to reaction temperature.

3. A process of making a cutting oil, which comprises reactingphosphorus pentasulphlde with a mineral oil in atmosphere of inert gas.at a temperature of 200-450 F. for at least about an hour, thenincorporating a small amount of degras to clear up residual phosphoruspentasulphide and subjecting to reaction temperature.

4. A process of making a cutting oil, which comprises reactingphosphorus pentasulphide with a mineral oil in atmosphere of inert gas,at a temperature of 200-450 F. for at least about an hour, thenincorporating a long chain fatty acid ester to clear up residualphosphorus pentasulphide and subjecting to reaction temperature.

5. A process of making a cutting oil, which comprises reactingphosphorus pentasulphide with a mineral oil at 200-450 F. for at leastabout an hour, then incorporating a long chain fatty acid ester to clearup residual phosphorus pentasulphide and subjecting to reactiontemperature.

product of phosphorus pentasulphide on a mineral oil and in succession asmall amount oi soya bean oil in accordance with the process or claim 2.

10. A cutting oil consisting or the reaction product of phosphoruspentasulphide on a mineral oil and in succession a small amount atdegree in accordance with the process or claim 3.

11. A cutting oil consisting of the reaction product of phosphoruspentasulphide on a mineral oil and in succession a small amount or along chain fatty acid ester in accordance with the process of claim 4.

12. A cutting oil consisting of the reacticm product of phosphoruspentasulphide on a mineral oil and having residual phosphoruspentasulphide neutralized by further reaction with a long chain fattyacid ester in accordance with the process of claim 5.

EVEREIT C. HUGHES.

6. A process of making a cutting oil. which comprises reactingphosphorus pentasulphide with a mineral oil at 200-450 l". for at leastabout an hour, and then olearinl up residual phosphorus pentasulphide byincorporating a a small amount of an unsaturated fatty oil andsubjecting to similar temperature.

7. A process or. making a cutting oil, which comprises reactingphosphorus pentasulphide with a mineral oil at 200-450 F. for at leastabout an hour, and then clearing up residual phosphorus pentasulphide byincorporating a small amount or an ester wax and subjecting to similartemperature.

a. A cutting oil consisting or the reaction 16 product of phosphoruspentasulphide on a mineral oil and in succession a small amount of cornoil in accordance with the process of claim 1.

9. A cutting oil consisting oi the reaction 00 CERTIFICATE OF OORREC'I'I0N.

Patent No. 2,386,952. October 16, 191

EVERETT c. HUGHES.

' It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specificationof the above numbered pat'ent requiring correction as follows: Page 1,first column, line 1.1, for "admitted" read --ounitted--; and that thesaid Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that thesame may conform to the recorder the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and. sealed this 5th day of February A. D. 191+6.

Leslie Frazer (Seal) First Assistant Commissioner of Patents.

product of phosphorus pentasulphide on a mineral oil and in succession asmall amount oi soya bean oil in accordance with the process or claim 2.

10. A cutting oil consisting or the reaction product of phosphoruspentasulphide on a mineral oil and in succession a small amount atdegree in accordance with the process or claim 3.

11. A cutting oil consisting of the reaction product of phosphoruspentasulphide on a mineral oil and in succession a small amount or along chain fatty acid ester in accordance with the process of claim 4.

12. A cutting oil consisting of the reacticm product of phosphoruspentasulphide on a mineral oil and having residual phosphoruspentasulphide neutralized by further reaction with a long chain fattyacid ester in accordance with the process of claim 5.

EVEREIT C. HUGHES.

6. A process of making a cutting oil. which comprises reactingphosphorus pentasulphide with a mineral oil at 200-450 l". for at leastabout an hour, and then olearinl up residual phosphorus pentasulphide byincorporating a a small amount of an unsaturated fatty oil andsubjecting to similar temperature.

7. A process or. making a cutting oil, which comprises reactingphosphorus pentasulphide with a mineral oil at 200-450 F. for at leastabout an hour, and then clearing up residual phosphorus pentasulphide byincorporating a small amount or an ester wax and subjecting to similartemperature.

a. A cutting oil consisting or the reaction 16 product of phosphoruspentasulphide on a mineral oil and in succession a small amount of cornoil in accordance with the process of claim 1.

9. A cutting oil consisting oi the reaction 00 CERTIFICATE OF OORREC'I'I0N.

Patent No. 2,386,952. October 16, 191

EVERETT c. HUGHES.

' It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specificationof the above numbered pat'ent requiring correction as follows: Page 1,first column, line 1.1, for "admitted" read --ounitted--; and that thesaid Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that thesame may conform to the recorder the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and. sealed this 5th day of February A. D. 191+6.

Leslie Frazer (Seal) First Assistant Commissioner of Patents.

